Visi Mesianik dalam Kitab Torah: Telaah Teologis, Historis dan Kultural atas Torah
Abstract
This study examines the Messianic vision in the Torah by integrating theological, historical, and cultural perspectives to demonstrate that the Pentateuch provides the foundation of biblical Messianic hope. Although the Torah is often regarded primarily as a legal and historical text, its role in revealing God's redemptive plan has received limited holistic attention. This research aims to explain the progressive development of the Messianic vision from Genesis to Deuteronomy. Using a qualitative literature study with textual-comparative analysis, the study examines biblical texts alongside contemporary Jewish and Christian scholarship. The findings reveal that the Torah presents a coherent pattern of divine revelation through covenantal promises, sacrificial typology, prophetic anticipation, and covenantal institutions that collectively establish the theological basis of biblical Christology. Major Messianic themes include the protoevangelium (Genesis 3:15), the Abrahamic covenant, Passover, the Day of Atonement, the royal expectation from Judah, Balaam's oracle, and the promise of a prophet like Moses. The novelty of this study lies in its integrative hermeneutical framework that synthesizes theological, historical, and cultural dimensions into a unified Christocentric reading while acknowledging Jewish interpretive traditions. This research contributes to biblical theology by strengthening the continuity between the Torah and the New Testament and providing a foundation for contemporary theological reflection.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji visi Mesianik dalam Kitab Taurat melalui perspektif teologis, historis, dan kultural untuk menunjukkan bahwa Taurat merupakan fondasi utama pengharapan Mesianik dalam Alkitab. Selama ini Taurat lebih sering dipahami sebagai kitab hukum dan sejarah, sehingga perannya sebagai wahyu awal mengenai rencana keselamatan Allah belum banyak dikaji secara holistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan perkembangan visi Mesianik secara progresif dari Kejadian hingga Ulangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur kualitatif dengan analisis tekstual-komparatif terhadap teks-teks Taurat dan berbagai literatur ilmiah dari perspektif Yahudi maupun Kristen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Taurat membangun pola pewahyuan melalui janji perjanjian, tipologi pengorbanan, antisipasi kenabian, dan institusi perjanjian yang menjadi dasar Kristologi biblika. Tema-tema utama meliputi protoevangelium (Kejadian 3:15), perjanjian Abraham, Paskah, Hari Pendamaian, tongkat kerajaan Yehuda, nubuat Bileam, dan janji nabi seperti Musa. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada kerangka hermeneutik integratif yang memadukan dimensi teologis, historis, dan kultural dalam pembacaan Kristosentris dengan tetap menghargai tradisi penafsiran Yahudi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi bagi pengembangan teologi biblika serta memperkuat kesinambungan antara Taurat dan Perjanjian Baru.
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